5G base station is the core equipment of 5G network, which is mainly used to provide wireless signal coverage and realize wireless signal transmission between wired communication network and wireless terminal. According to different classification standards, 5G base stations can be divided into various types:

    1.Macro base station: usually erected on towers, large in size, wide in coverage and capable of carrying a large number of users.

    2.Small base stations: including micro base stations, pico base stations and flying base stations, used to supplement the areas with insufficient coverage of macro base stations or shallow indoor coverage.

    3.By function: base station equipment can be divided into baseband unit (BBU) and radio frequency unit (AAU/RRU), where the BBU is responsible for handling signaling and data from the core network and users, while the AAU/RRU is responsible for signal generation and extraction.

    4.By architecture: 5G base station hardware architecture can be divided into the two-tier architecture of BBU+AAU/RRU and the three-tier architecture of CU (Centralized Unit)+DU (Distributed Unit)+AAU/RRU.CU is responsible for high-level baseband protocol processing, DU is responsible for bottom-level baseband protocol processing, and the two interact through the F1 interface.

In addition, 5G base stations support a variety of wireless access technologies and can be flexibly deployed according to different application scenarios.

These base stations communicate with user equipment through the wireless air interface protocol stack to ensure secure, high-speed transmission of data.